The Diary of the most important events in Italy, and particularly in Florence, from 1498 to 1512 is a historical source of great interest for the study of republican Florence between the fall of the Medici (1494) and their return to power (1512). The Diary is not a universal chronicle, but a selective recording of the events considered most significant by the author. Key themes covered: Florentine internal politics; diplomacy; wars in Italy; relations between Florence, France, the Papacy, and Spain; events in Pisa and its long war against Florence; struggles between the great European powers for control of the peninsula. The 1568 edition also includes a Life of Lorenzo the Magnificent written by Niccolò Valori, an addition that reveals the editorial intention to connect the memory of the republic with that of the great Medici era. The work's importance lies above all in the fact that it documents the transformation of Renaissance Italy: the decline of the balance of power between the Italian states; the growing intervention of France and Spain; the crisis of republican institutions; affirmation of the lordships and territorial principalities. In this sense, the Diary is a direct testimony to the end of the Italian political autonomy that characterized the early sixteenth century.