This edition features the first publication of a celebrated and in-depth analysis of Isaac Newton's Principia (pp. 303–315), the work that laid the foundations of modern physics. It was this analysis, the most detailed published by 1688, that provided European scholars with access to a substantially complete description of the work, almost in the form of an analytical summary. The analysis is now attributed to Christoph Pfautz, a mathematician and professor at Leipzig, who lucidly grasped the mathematical significance of Newton's approach. The text had great contemporary resonance and was cited by Leibniz in 1689. The volume also includes contributions by Denis Papin, Gottfried Kirch, and Jakob Bernoulli, making it an important testimony to late-seventeenth-century European science.